Skip to content

Masks

A real-space mask is important to boost SNR by focusing the analysis on the region of interest.

Solvent mask

Most consensus reconstruction software outputs a solvent mask. Use it directly:

recovar pipeline particles.star -o output --mask mask.mrc

Warning

Make sure the mask is not too tight. Use --mask-dilate-iter to expand it if needed.

Auto-generated masks

If you don't have a mask:

Option Description
--mask=from_halfmaps Estimate mask from the mean reconstruction (averages half-maps, low-pass filters, Otsu thresholds, cleans up, and softens)
--mask=sphere Use a loose spherical mask
--mask=none No mask (not recommended)

A good approach is to first run with --mask=sphere, inspect the variance map to see which regions have heterogeneity, then create a focused mask around those regions.

Focus mask

A focus mask restricts the heterogeneity analysis to a specific region of the molecule. This is useful when you're interested in a particular domain or binding site.

recovar pipeline particles.star -o output \
    --mask mask.mrc --focus-mask focus_mask.mrc

If you only have a focus mask:

recovar pipeline particles.star -o output \
    --mask=sphere --focus-mask focus_mask.mrc

Creating a focus mask

You can create a focus mask in UCSF Chimera or ChimeraX:

  1. Open your consensus map
  2. Select the region of interest
  3. Create a mask around that region
  4. Save as .mrc

See cryoSPARC's guide on mask generation for step-by-step instructions.

GUI mask selection

In the web GUI, you can browse and select mask files when creating a pipeline job — or choose from_halfmaps / sphere from a dropdown.

Mask dilation

To expand a mask by a few pixels:

recovar pipeline particles.star -o output \
    --mask mask.mrc --mask-dilate-iter 5

The --mask-dilate-iter flag applies to both the solvent mask and the focus mask.